Globe ruler and protractor.



G. H. CRESSE-v GLOBE RULER AND PROTRACTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. I3, 915- 1 1 7 5, 6 1 2 Patented Mar. 14, 1916.

2 SHEETS-$HEET I.

wmvmss I lNl/E/VTUR George H. Crease ATTORNEYS G. H. CRESSE.

GLOBE RULER AND PROTRACTOR.

Patented Mar. 14, 1916 i M Qw N M D E L H N o H A c U P P A u 2 1 .6 I 57 11 Q! 1 2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

l/VVE/VTOR George HCresse A TYTORIVE'V'S THE COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH (10.,WASHINGTON, D. c.

minor demonstrations res a r GEORGE HOFFMANfiRESSE, OF MIDDLEB URYVERMONT.

GLOBE RULER AND rnofrnno'ron.

Specification of Letters Patent;

Patented Mar. 1a, 1916.

Application filed January 13, 1915. Serial No. 1,950.

T all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Gnoncn H. Cnnssn, acitizen of the United States, and aresident of Middlebury, in the countyof Addison and State of Vermont. have invented a new and Improved GlobeRuler and Protractor, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription.

This invention relates to instruments of precision and has particularreference to drawing and measuring devices for globes or sphericalobjects. W

Among the objects'of the invention isqto provide an apparatus adaptedespecially for use upon globes for experimental or demonstratingpurposesin classrooms, lecture halls, laboratories or the l1ke,:forinstruction along the lines of geography of the globe, spherical geometryand trigo-' nometry, astronomy and the like.

More definitely stated, among the prin cipal objects of the invention isto PIOVlClQJ an apparatus of simple construction, easy of applicationand manipulation, and of the most reliable nature with respect to alongthe lines above intimated. I v i A further object is to provide what Iterm a great circle band in the form of a split resilient ring adaptedto be placed upon a globe of standard size, the structure of the ringbeing suchthat it willautomatically grip upon the globe and be self-retained in the positionin which it is placed,

Another object of theinventionis to pro;

vide in connection with the great circle band a plurality ofintersecting semi-cireular straps which I term meridian quadrants, suchstraps being connected at their ends to the inner edge of the greatcircle band at substantially right angles, the inner edge of said bandbeing. theedge that lies adjacent the surface of the globe and towardthe center thereof, as distinguished from the outer edge or periphery ofthe band.

A still further object of the invention is to utilize one or morecircling devices to be used either in connection with the great, circlebanddrrectly or 'Wlth apolar knob carried by the meridian quadrants orelsewhere as may be deslred and more fully ex: plalned below, each ofthe circling devices being provided with a pencil or marker movabletherealong according to the size of circle deslred.

views, and in which The foregoing andmany other objects of the inventionwill hereinafter be more fully described and claimed and illustrated inthe drawings forming a part of this specifica= tion in which likecharacters of reference ll'lCllCEttG" corresponding parts in all theFigure is a plan view of the entireapparatus with the globe omitted;Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same; Fig. 3 is a detail I perspectiveview of the relation of the polar knob to the intersecting meridianquadrants; Fig. 4 is a sectional detail on the line H of Fig. 1; Fig. 5is a perspective detail view of the great circle band opposite the splitportion; Fig. 6 is a sectional detail of the marker slide; Fig. 6 is adetail view of the keeper cooperating with the overlapping free ends ofthe open portion'oit' the great circle band; Figs. 7 to 10 are diagramsillustrating different uses of the apparatus. Fig. 7 is a detail viewindicating the means for steadying the great circle band.

The several parts of this device may be made of any suitable materials,and the relative sizes and proportions, as well as the general designotthe mechanism, may be varied to a considerable extent withoutcleparting from. the spirit of theinvention hereinafter more fullydescribed and j claimed.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, I show at a great circleband approximating in size the great circle of a standard globe withwhich the device is oaerators fin ers however to the finger, h 7 7 L.

pieces .17 and 18 connected to the adjacent ends of the band, the gripmaybe increased for certain purposes such as in the use of the band as abase for drawing upon the surface of the globe agreat circle, orforsteadving the band and globe at anytime. Another finger piece 19 isconnected to the end on the opposite" side of. the finger piece 17 fromthe one numbered 18, and the application of the fingers to the members17 and 19 Will serveito distend'and release the grip of the band formanipulating the device independently of the globe as for removing andreplacing it.

At 20' I show a plurality of straps or bands termed herein meridianiquadrantsmortisedto each otherrsoas to conform snugl-yfto the surfaceof the globe as suggested inFig. These members are slightly shorter,,.say one-quarter. ofan. inch shorter on aitwelve'inch globe,.ethanithelength of r a' semicircle,-Whereby. the great circlev band is heldfwithits lower surface .or 'surface op- Y pcsite the meridian quadrants justabove the:- true great circle, to be drawn thereby, ,as'

shownibyithe dotted line a, Fig.2. 1 7

Connected: ,to the meridian f quadrants closely. adjacent their point ofintersection is'a pivot member "21 termed herein apolar knob,Thisfknoblhas a pivot holefllf, the axis olfrwhich; is "radial with:respect to. the globe and o-ifset'slightly from the edges .of

the meridian quadrantsontheis'ides oredges of the quadrants orremotefromoverlapping'portions. of the great, circle band as shownibest in.Fig. '1,, By this means the meridian quadrants are adapted for drawingtrue arcs of great circles fromapoint whichis the pole of the greatcircle band:

in the position in which'it is located at such. time, as shown byithedotted lines I), Figs;

1 and2. ThesejmeridianIquadrantsaswell as thegreatcircleband, aregraduatedcpreferably: indeg'rees, the zero of-Vthe' quadrant members-being arranged, oneach of them, "directly opposite the'axis 2 1" of thepolar knobii The-graduatibnsmay be formed on any edge or'surface oflthe'great circle band,

but preferably continuous fro-m 0 50360 degrees.- Obviously, in order to,draw'a great circle'ha'ying any known pointas its Pole,

the great circle band by manipulation through the fin'gerpieces 117 andl9could be I placed directly upon the gltbej with the hole 21'" of thepolar knob registering with said point. The ;band 15 will then begrippe'djtothe globe injposition' for the circle to bedra'wn below it,(and the circle may be drawn complete; since" there is no obstruc tionor'proje'ction extending 'fromthe active face of'theband; Inglobes'having a solid c axis rcd' Ij prefer 'to dr'i'll'holes in thepoles Fig-Q5} d- 11 611 5 to"; drawgan' equatoriah ,Iafrotation of thequadrant will describe the,

circleon arterrestrial globe it is a simple manner to aline the hole 21with the hole at the North Pole of the axis rod.

At'22 I show -one of the attachments which I term the small circler."This member is "preferably sl-ightlyshorter than a quarter of the greatcircle and has at one end a pivotpin '28 having its axis radial of theglobe sothatthe main portion of the member 22 will be held parallel tobut slightly spaced'outwardly from the spherical surface. Anyedgesurface of-the smallecirclerfl may he graduated in degrees beginning! atthe axis o'fxthe pivotpin 28, and-movable along the arc-shaped member 22is a slide 24 adapted to beset by a set screw 25 or-the equivalentati-any 'desiredangular distance ;from the pivot 23. The slide is:adapted to. carry a crayonorother marker 26' which is arranged radiallywith respect to the globe."

It willbef understoodp from what has been" stated, that by adjustment ofthe slide a1ong-,- -v

the small i circler around the pin 23, any. circle the smallcircler andwithlthe parts.ar-,

.ranged asashown in- Fig. 2,a movement of r smallemthan the great circlemay be drawn 1 from the pole determined by the positicn of merit ofth'e' member 22 is practically unob-.

Qstructed at such-rtime, the markeripassing .readily1over the pm andcomparatively narrow meridian quadrants 20: Thisoperatron Ithepolarknob. 21 at such time. The move- 1 obviously may be performed whenthe corn- 7 bined great circle band and meridian quad- 1 rants arelccatedon any part ofthe globe.

point, namely, the 'North Poles-of the globe. i

.,. ,At 27- isshownarunner. mounted upon the great clrcle bandv andvshdable ialong any.

suitable numberfor form=of grooves 15 formed inthe oppositefacesthereof.

the same beingprovided with a pivot .pin23 I cooperating with asocket'2'9 carried bythe 1' runner 27,'theaxis of the socket b eingradial "with respect (to the globe. In this use ofsthe device and with amarkerslide 24 applied to the quadrant 28 and '90 degrees from the pin28, spherical angles. may be readily and accurately drawn as indic'atedin Fig. 8 with the points, P and P as poles and with th'e greaticirc'le'band connecting said points. i

In other Words, the runner 27 belng adjusted alongtheba'nd 15 with thepin 23indicating the point P, a'rotation ,offlthe quadranti28 v aroundsuch point asthe center will describe i p y y I one are 7?, and then b ysliding "the runner of theax s rod, as will be understcodfrom. 27 tobring the pivot'pin over the point P,

F 9, however, shows the use -,of=thc small .circler applied directly tothe particular in) V arc 79 forming with the first are a spherie calangle equal to the angular distance bea tween the two points along thegreat circle band. Obviously either of the circling mem-. bers 22 or 28may be used in connection with the runner 27. If a small circlehaving aspherical radius of over 90, degrees from a certain point or a pole isrequired, a point of the great circle band Wlll be applied to saldcertain point, and by observing the;

scale on the band the diametrically opposite point of the globe mayeasilyrbe located'by noting the point on. the scale a 180 degrees fromthe point in question. The runner 27 may then be moved tothe new pointwhich is the second pole of the circle required and I,

the polar distance of such circle will be 180 degrees minus the arcfirst mentioned. a With the polar distance treated as the spherical"radius and with the second pole for the pivot point, therequired' circleis drawn with the member2r2.

I or the drawing of meridian circles of a, terrestrial globe, asindicated in Flgq 7 such globe having a polar axis rod R with a NorthPolar cavity r, I provide what I term a North Pole fixture 29 such asshown in Fig. 5, the same beingpivoted at 30 in a recess 31 formed inthe inner surface or edge of the reat circle band and having a hole 29"in the ,free end thereof which, when the fixture29 is turned out atright angles to the band, the center of the hole registering with theNorth Polar cavity will be far enough at oneside of the band to permittrue meridian circles being drawn'as indicated at c. Any suitable pin 32may be passed throughthe hole 29 and polar I cavity to holdthis portionof the device in place, and at this time the overlapping end portions ofthe band will rest against or upon what I term stabilizing bars 33 adja*cent the South Pole of the globe. The globe may, therefore, be rotatedwith practical freedom while the band 15 is'held stationary for thepurpose just described,

By noting the illustration in Fig. 10 it will be appreciated howthedevice may be used in a reliable manner in the drawlng of a trianglepolar to any glven triangle such angle may be formed. It will beobserved that the members 20 termed the meridian quadrants, being offleXi le material, may have a certain inherent tendency to grip thehemisphere embraced thereby and hence cooperate with the great circleband to hold the same in posi:

tion.

I claim 1* 1. In a device of the class set forth, the combination of agreat circle band having overlapping ends and adapted to grip snuglyupon globes of varying diameters, means connected to theband to limit.its lateral movement into position so as to make the band conform to agreat circle to be drawn upon the globe, and finger pieces securedto'the overlapping ends of the band whereby the grip thereof upon theglobe may be either increased or diminished.

In a device of the class set forth, a great circle band having freeoverlapping end portions, means adjacent thereto for manipulating thebandvto distend' the same or for increasing its grip upon a globe, arunner slidablearound the band from one of the overlapping ends to theother, and a small circle pivoted to said runner. 4

3. In a device of the class set forth, a t great circle band having freeoverlapping. sends, means connected to said ends to prevent accidentalrelative lateral displacement thereof, means connected to the ends formanipulating them to cause them to slide longitudinally of each otherfor distending and also contracting the band, and means carried by theband and extending laterally from oneside ofthe plane thereof to hold itin position upon a globe for drawing a T great circle along theothersideof the band.

In a globe ruler and protractor, the combination of a great circle bandhaving inner and outer edges and two sides, meridian quadrants connectedto the band and eX- tending thence at right angles from one sidethereof, said quadrants having their inner surfaces lying flush with theinner edge of the band, and means carried bv the band to cause itand themeridian quadrants to grip snugly in holding position in contact withthe globe when applied thereto from any direction.

In a device of the class set forth, the combination of a great circleband having inner and outer edges and two sides and a pair of meridianquadrants having their ends connected to the inner edge of the band andhaving their inner surfaces flush with the inner edge of the band, saidquadrants .L

extending substantially at right angles from one side of the band andintersecting each other substantially at right angles at a pointslightly spaced from the polar axis of the band.

6. In a device of the class set forth, the combination of a great circleband having an opening at one polar portion thereof and a North Polefixture connected thereto at the opposite polar portion, and a pluralityconnectedto the band,* said quadrants-ex tending thence laterally fromthe 51 ane i of the band and intersecting each other substantially atright anglesjust beyond 'the polar-axisof the band on the side of thefixture; i f

The cornbinati'on with a globe, o'fxa r'e-r slllent great circlebandhav1ng-free o-ver-- lapping'end -and adapted to surround the globeadjaccnt the greatcirele thereof and adapted to automatically gripitself? upon v "':'face of 'the'globe, said quadrants-intersect ing eachother substantially at right angles 71 adjacent the true polaraxis'ofthe band,- and apoharjknob secured to the quadrants 1 attheirfpoint of intersection but having" the radial axis 'of' the knobspaced outwa-rdly i rom said point ofintersection, the

the globe, ,'finger :pieces connectedrto the overlappingend portions ofthe band-for "lncreaslng orrd'ccreasing thergrippin g effect thereofupon the globe, a polar knob,'-means connected to the band forsupporting the polar-vknob 'with its' center atuthe precise polar axisof theband, *and a SIIl'iIlh'ClI'ClGI pivoted: to" said knob;substantially as" set forth. r I a 8. In .a device of theclasszsetforth;the

combination Withagloberhaving EtfiXQCl polar axis rod and stabilizingmeanssecured' adacent one of the polesJ-of said aXlS rod, of a greatcircle band and means connected to one polar portion of'thebandzforcooperation with the otherpole of' saidaxis rod While the opposite polarp ortion of .theba'nd cooperates with said stabilizing mea ns,substantia'llyias set forth,

9. The combination with a globe having a polaraxisrpolar axis rodextending :theretlrrou-ghvand stabilizing means adjacent the SouthPoleof said axis, of -'a great circle band" adapted to fit aroundthe'globe'closelys'adjacent a true meridian :circlexthereon; a NorthPole fixture connected to one polar portion' of the band for cooperationwith-lthe'North Polewofi the axis rod,.whi le"the opposite Copies .ofthispatent may he obtained forr fiv'e cents-each,byraddressingtheflcommissioner of 2Patents, 1 1-12 around said bandfromone side :of the stabilizing means to a the other. v

.10. In a device "of the class set forth, the

V combination of a greatcircle band adapted polaraxisopposite from theNorth Pole -to automatically grip around aglobe ad'- f jacent'a' greatcircle thereof-and therebyo meridian quadrantshaving their endsconnectedtothe banclg-and having theirfinnerf surfaces-toge'ther with the inneredge of the band eonfornrsnuglyto the spherical=sur- *5 hold itself-uponthe globe, a plurality of" quadrants being-graduated in deg'reesstarting at zero at points opposite said knob axis.-

11'. The combination of agreat circle polar axis of'the band, anarc-shaped mem polar'p'ort'ion of: the band is heldagainst: saidstabilizing means, and a runner slidable' 5: bandyabearingmfimber'secured to the band i and having a bearing coincidlng with 'theber having'one end pivoted in said bea-rin-g,

v the arc-shapedmemberbeing movable over v'a 'segment of the globe,around saidpolar w axis, and a lnarkerslidablyadjustable upon 1 I saidarc-'shaped-inember:for describing -arcs= "of circles of any desiredradius around said In testimony-whereof*I'haVesignedmy name to thisspeoification inthe presence oftwo subscribing Witnesses. I GEORGEHOFFMANCRESSE. -Witnesses:'- V I r v 11 M. Foo'rn, H I CHARLES I; BUT i,

Washington; *3). (1.7255 1

